Adaptive reuse of religious heritage buildings.

The adaptive reuse of ecclesiastical heritage buildings is becoming increasingly necessary as religious institutions grapple with declining vocations, financial constraints, and changing societal roles. This study examines the adaptive reuse of a 16th-century convent in Miranda de Ebro, Spain, using a validated evaluative model tailored to religious heritage buildings. The adaptive reuse process involves transforming sacred spaces into venues with new functions while preserving their architectural, historical, and cultural significance. In Spain, where the Catholic Church oversees approximately 80% of protected heritage sites, such interventions are both urgent and complex. The study analyzes the economic, social, cultural, and ecclesiastical factors influencing the feasibility and sustainability of reuse efforts. Key benefits of adaptive reuse include environmental sustainability, economic revitalization, and community engagement, but religious buildings present unique challenges due to their spiritual symbolism, legal protection, and institutional governance. Findings indicate that a hybrid civic-cultural function represents the most viable and respectful reuse option for the convent. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to support culturally sensitive reuse and strengthen cooperation between Church and state authorities. This study contributes to the advancement of adaptive reuse methodologies and offers a replicable framework for scholars and practitioners navigating ecclesiastical heritage redevelopment.